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As a property preservation contractor, you will face many challenges. The biggest of these are winterization and de-winterization. It isn’t particularly tough work; however, it does have to be performed according to a strict protocol and newbies to the business will find themselves on a steep learning curve.
It’s important to get winterization and dewinterization activities right for one main reason: if you don’t, you may be liable for any expenses that are incurred as a result of improper maintenance.
There are two types of winterizations, dry and wet. Dry Heat systems are forced hot air, they will have furnaces, vents and/or registers. Wet heat systems can either be “Steam Heat” or “Radiant Heat”. “Steam Heat” will have a steam boiler and steam running through the system, generally radiators. “Radiant Heat” will have a hot water boiler, expansion tank, and hot water running through radiators or copper tubing located in the floor, walls, and sometimes ceilings. Radiant heat may also be referred to as a “wet system” or “hot water baseboard heat.”
HERE’S WHAT YOU WILL FIND ON THIS PAGE
If you are operating in a jurisdiction in which winterization is required (see below), you will need to winterize the property between October 1st and March 31st.
The primary source for FHA's property preservation and protection policies, including winterization, is the FHA Single Family Housing Policy Handbook (HUD Handbook 4000.1). The handbook outlines the requirements and maximum allowable costs for servicers to protect and preserve FHA-insured single-family properties. The following provides a general overview of allowable costs for standard winterization services. It is important to note that these figures can vary by state and are subject to change based on specific property conditions and FHA updates.
| Service | General Allowable Cost Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Winterization | $70 - $150 | Includes draining water lines, pressure testing, and adding antifreeze to fixtures. |
| Winterization of Radiant Heat Systems | Up to $150 | Requires specialized procedures. |
| Sump Pump Disconnection/Winterization | Additional costs may be allowed | Varies based on system complexity. |
| Securing and Posting Notices | Varies | Costs for securing the property (e.g., changing locks) and posting winterization notices are typically separate line items. |
You should always remember that you are liable for issues with your property preservation services, and winterization liability is at the top of the list.
Take the time to create a checklist for each procedure you perform for each client. So in terms of winterization, if you work for three different clients, you will have three different checklists – one for each. As you go through the checklist, modify it when you notice something is new or has changed. The in-house company policies and procedures manual (that you created yourself) should dictate that you keep master copies of each checklist. You should also keep a record of any changes and the date that they were made.
This is a lot of work, but it will be difficult to recall every step of every procedure for every property and for every client. See? It’s already sounding like a big job.
Don’t underestimate the need for iron-clad documentation. The day will come when you have to prove or disprove an allegation against you, so it is really important to keep more records for yourself than you ever submit to your clients.
Remember, the checklists included in this guide are only a starting point. Use them as a template to create your own which you can revise and update as needed.
Photo documentation is critical, and you will be required to back up all winterization work with high quality photos. You will not be paid for work performed if it is not fully photo documented, and there are no exceptions.
It is your responsibility to submit before, during, and after photos of all work done. These photos will be used to justify any bids you are submitting and to document the property’s condition.
All photos must be right side up, and most companies prefer them to be landscape rather than portrait. Photos that are distorted, fuzzy, too light, too dark, or unclear in any way will usually be deleted by the company’s QC department. If you are lucky, they will request replacements, but if you’re not, they might just cancel the payment to you and send another contractor to do the job. It is very common for money to be withheld because of inadequate photos.
Do not send duplicates of photos. Specific photo requirements are often included on the work order, but if they are not, take time to find out your client’s individual requirements.
Take photos of all capped water lines; the cleaning of the toilets; the addition of antifreeze to all taps, fixtures, and appliances; the disconnecting of the water meter; the draining of the hot water tank; the zip-tie on the cut-off water meter if required by your client; and the blowing of the lines with the gauge visible.
All photos should be taken from the same angle and include a visible point of reference.
If you are conducting a steam winterization, be sure to include photos of the boiler, the expansion tank, and the RPZ valve. Also provide photos of the sump pump if there is one.
Winterization stickers must be placed on the toilets, sinks, hot water tank, front door, or picture window. Make sure that they are clearly visible in all winterization after-photos.
Do not attempt to undertake any winterization work if you find the property already frozen. Call your client to clarify their procedures for frozen properties and ask them for instructions.
If your work order does include instructions on how to proceed with frozen properties, follow these instructions closely. Some servicing companies have funds set aside for emergencies such as thawing the property, but others may require a bid to do this.
Make notes and take lots of photographs. Call the servicing company, and jot down the time and details of the call. A bid must be submitted for all damages, and all damages must be reported. Some companies require this report and the photos on the day that the damage is discovered.
If you are bidding to thaw a property, the bid must include at the very least:
YouTube: Identifying Various Types of Heating Systems
How To Complete Winterizations (Dry Winterization)
How To Winterize An In-Ground Sprinkler System
De-winterizing a property is the opposite of winterizing it. De-winterizing will allow you to make the plumbing system usable again so it can be checked for leaks before it is used by the occupants.
To de-winterize, simply follow these steps, taking a photo of each:
As with everything, the HUD have developed a set of guidelines that outline how utilities and properties should be maintained during the winter to prevent frost damage. These guidelines also contain information about wells and sump pumps.
Unless the variations section of the chart below specifies otherwise, all utilities should be turned off. In some states, heat should remain on. If this is the case, the heat should be maintained at 55 degrees Fahrenheit unless specified otherwise.
Condominiums and attached dwellings: If a condo or attached dwelling is part of a Planned Unit Development (PUD), the water services and utilities should remain on throughout the winter. If the property uses a community water service, contact the realtor or asset manager for information as to how to maintain water services. The same applies for shared electrical services.
Equipment damage: If you fail to complete your responsibilities according to the winterization guidelines, you may be held accountable for any damage to the plumbing and heating systems that arise.
Sump pumps: In properties in which a sump pump is installed to keep basements and other lower-ground areas dry, the electricity should be left on to allow the sump pump to operate, even if the property is located in a state in which the electricity should be turned off. Ensure that you check the sump pump is fully operational as part of your maintenance services. If the existing sump pump is broken, or you believe there is a requirement to have one installed, you will need pre-written approval if the cost of installing the sump pump exceeds $250.
Utility Accounts Utility accounts including electricity, gas, home heating oil and water, should be in the Mortgagee’s name until conveyance of the property to HUD. The Mortgagee should pay the bill and may claim reimbursement for utility costs covering the period from the date of vacancy until the end of the billing cycle that includes the date of conveyance. Payment of a utility bill that includes charges for a portion of a billing cycle that is post conveyance is the exception to HUD’s policy on non-reimbursement of expenses after the conveyance date. It is the Mortgagee’s responsibility to notify the utility company that ownership of the security property has been transferred to HUD (to the attention of the M&M contractor), upon conveyance. A copy of the notice should be maintained in the claim review file.
In states where utilities should remain on, if there is any reason to believe that a Mortgagor may abandon a property, the Mortgagee should contact the utility company to request that the Mortgagee be notified of non-payment of utilities so that utilities can be transferred to the Mortgagee’s name and the heat remain on if the Mortgagor vacates.
Propane and oil systems: If propane or oil heating systems are in use, put in place a “keep full” contract with the supplier in properties that require the heat to be on at all times.
Domestic water: Unless an ongoing water supply is required, the local water supply company should be contacted, the water supply should be shut off, and a final meter reading should be arranged. No waterlines or meters should be removed because this may incur a fee from the water utility company. In the event that a water meter needs to be installed, the permissible expenditure is up to $350 for an electric heater or $420 for a gas heater. These pre-approved limits include the cost of installation.
Wells: If the property’s water is supplied by a private well, this should be switched off at the breaker panel, the breaker should be taped off, and the water supply line between the pressure tank and the property should be disconnected. The pressure tank itself should be fully drained. If it is surface mounted, the pump housing should be drained. If it is submersible, the valve should be disconnected, and all pump, suction, and piping equipment should be fully drained. A hose bib should also be installed on the pressure tank side of the breaker and tagged “For Water Testing.” Any additional fixtures should also be winterized.
Reduced Pressure Zone Device (RPZ or RPZD): Some properties may have an RPZ installed. The purpose of this is to prevent backflow and protect the water supply from being contaminated. If the property has an RPZ in place, contact the local authority for specific instructions as to the regulations pertaining to the installation and use of these devices. If there is a requirement to install or replace an RPZ, you will need to get pre-written approval from the RPZ if the cost of doing so will exceed $70.
If you are operating in a jurisdiction in which winterization is required, you will need to winterize the property between October 1st and March 31st. There are some exceptions to these time periods and these can be found in the section on “Local Variations from General Requirements.” Winterization should be possible in one visit and should be performed once a year. In the event that the property does need to be rewinterized for some reason, you will need to obtain prior approval. Winterization should include all of the following:
Dry Heat Systems: Drain all hot water heaters and piping to prevent frozen water from causing damage. Ensure that you keep valves and faucets open throughout the process and that you close them once the draining process is complete. Place a suitable amount of antifreeze in all fixtures and in tanks and cisterns.
Wet Heat, Radiant, Hydronic or Hot Water Baseboard Systems: Complete the draining and preventative measures as per those used for dry heat systems. Make sure all radiators are open throughout the process and do not remove any bleeder pins from the radiators. All pipes that supply the radiators should be drained and an air compressor should be used to fill them with air. Place a suitable amount of antifreeze in all radiator pipes.
Steam Heat Systems: Complete the draining and preventative measures as per those used for dry heat systems. Be careful to verify whether the heating system is hot water or steam heated in advance. A telltale sign is that steam heat systems will incorporate valves at the bottom of the radiator. All pipes that supply the radiators should be drained and an air compressor should be used to fill them with air. Place a suitable amount of antifreeze in all radiator pipes. If you think there may be a problem with the heating system, report this to the AMC. As part of the winterization process, you should check that the system is working and that there are no leaks. To do this, use an air compressor to pressurize the system to 53 pounds and inspect for leaks. The general rule of thumb is that the system should be capable of holding the air pressure without leakage for at least 30 minutes.
The Mortgagee may spend up to $250.00, for required repairs or installation of any new equipment required to maintain utilities or properly winterize a property including but not limited to, water wells, water meters, heating equipment, etc. Where such repairs will exceed $250, the mortgagee shall obtain two independent competitive bids and submit the bids to the appropriate M&M contractor for approval. Please advise the M&M where the meter may only be removed by the utility company.
ATLANTA Homeownership Center
Illinois/Indiana
Winterize year round, regardless of the month the property is secured. However, heat will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Caribbean
Do not winterize.
Florida
The water supply should be shut off at the curb. Notify utility companies to cancel all services. Do not drain the water heater or water lines. Do not winterize.
Jacksonville Florida ONLY
Winterize from September 1 through April 30 from Jacksonville north to the Georgia line. However, heat will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
DENVER Homeownership Center
Colorado
Winterization is required from September 1 through April 30. Heat is to remain on in condominiums and town-homes.
Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma
Winterization is required from September 1 through April 30. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Minnesota, Montana, Iowa, North Dakota, Wyoming
Winterization is required from September 1 through April 30. Utilities and heat are to remain on.
Wisconsin
Winterization is required from September 1 through April 30. Turn water off at meter in house ONLY. Heating system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
SANTA ANA Homeownership Center
Turn water off at the street after winterization in all Santa Ana M&M contract areas, except Alaska.
Alaska
All properties should be winterized year round. Heat should be left on with the thermostat set at 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Properties should be conveyed with water, gas, and utilities ON. Propane and fuel oil delivery services should remain on automatic fill. Utilities should remain in the servicing Mortgagee’s name until conveyance. The servicing Mortgagee is instructed and authorized to switch utilities into HUD’s name effective on the date of conveyance.
Water service may be turned off at the street (key box) only if the property has a forced air or electric heating system and the domestic water system has been properly winterized.
Arizona/California
Winterize properties above 2,000 feet only. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Hawaii/Pacific Islands
Do not winterize.
Nevada
No winterization except for Pahrump zip code 89041 and Mt. Charleston zip code 89124. All other winterization is completed on a case-by-case basis. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Reno, Nevada
Winterize from September 15 through April 15. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Oregon
Winterize from November 1 through March 31 only. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
Washington
Winterize from September 15 through April 15. However, the heat system will remain in shut down mode. Utilities are to remain off unless required to operate a sump pump.
